ABSTRACT
Carbon-based inorganic nanomaterials (CINMs) which include carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene quantum dots (GQDs), graphene (G), graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and mesoporous carbon nanoparticles (MCNPs) have gained significant interest in biomedical application. The unique geometries (i.e., dimensions: 0D, 1D, 2D, 3D), chemical functionality/surface chemistry, and tunable physical properties of the CINMs make more interesting materials for theranostic applications. These properties of CINMs endowed their use in the delivery of therapeutics (drug/gene/biomolecules) for therapy and diagnostics (imaging/tracking) as an agent for cells and tissue imaging. In this chapter, we will highlight the recent advancement of CINMs and their tunable structure for various drug delivery and optical properties for imaging cells and tissues using different imaging modalities. Furthermore, we will summarize the CINMs role and promising applications for theranostic applications in infectious diseases such as tuberculosis (TB), influenza (H1N1), Ebola virus disease (EVD), Middle East respiratory syndrome virus (MERS), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and other infectious diseases and also discuss the future perspectives to find the desirable platforms. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Purpose: To study clinical characteristics and short-term outcomes in kidney transplant recipients who were previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 Methods: In this retrospective, single-center case-series, we identified 5 consecutive kidney transplant recipients (KTRs), who were diagnosed with COVID-19 prior to transplant. Data from electronic medical records were retrieved for demographic, epidemiologic and clinical characteristics. All patients were transplanted after meeting institutional requirements of resolution of COVID-19 infection. Patients were required to have a negative Nasopharyngeal testing by NAT for SARS-CoV-2, 28 days post symptom resolution. For living donor KTRs repeat testing was done at 48 hours prior to transplant date. For deceased donor KTRs, Rapid Nasopharyngeal testing by NAT for SARS-CoV-2 was done at the time of organ offer. Severity of disease was determined by WHO COVID-19 severity classification. Results: The demographics, severity of COVID-19 disease, timing of transplant and post-transplant course of the 5 KTRs with recovered COVID-19 are shown in . Three patients received living donor kidney transplant. Patients were transplanted at a median of 192 days after COVID-19 diagnosis, after complete recovery and documentation of 2 negative SARS-CoV-2 PCRs. Three patients had moderate disease requiring hospitalization. Two patients received ATG for induction, 2 received basiliximab and one living related transplant recipient received steroids for induction. Post-transplant course was uncomplicated, except in one patient (#1), who had bleeding and had to be taken back to surgery on post-operative day 4. SARS-CoV-2 PCR was checked as a part of Per protocol with a positive result. However, patient remained asymptomatic, and tested negative 3 weeks posttransplant. The other four patients developed no symptoms of COVID 19 in their post-transplant course and continue to have excellent graft function at a median of 66 days post-transplant. Conclusions: Potential KTRs with previously resolved COVID 19 disease can be safely transplanted and have favorable short-term post-transplant outcomes. While there could be persistent shedding, re-infection or re-activation of disease, disease course appears to be mild. (Table Presented).
ABSTRACT
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is a global emergency. AEFIs reporting and assessment should be done with high priority as they could change the benefit-risk profile of the vaccine. Objective: To assess adverse effects after COVID-19 vaccination. Methods: This cross-sectional study conducted among 605 heath functionaries taken part from January 2021 to March 2021. Results: The most common AEFI reported was pain at injection site (51.9%). Gender, previous COVID status and perception before vaccination were significantly associated with AEFI. Conclusion: There was no serious adverse event after vaccination. COVID vaccine has a good safety profile.
ABSTRACT
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is a global emergency. AEFIs reporting and assessment should be done with high priority as they could change the benefit-risk profile of the vaccine. Objective: To assess adverse effects after COVID-19 vaccination. Methods: This cross-sectional study conducted among 605 heath functionaries taken part from January 2021 to March 2021. Results: The most common AEFI reported was pain at injection site (51.9%). Gender, previous COVID status and perception before vaccination were significantly associated with AEFI. Conclusion: There was no serious adverse event after vaccination. COVID vaccine has a good safety profile. © 2021, Indian Association of Preventive and Social Medicine. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Cloud computing has become an essential need in our daily life, especially in our present days after the pandemic of our era COVID-19 and the need to conduct all business and meetings from our home and remotely. The emergence of the Internet and the concepts of parallel distributed/networked computing have changed the face of the world. Also, the current situation indicates that the future of information technology will be closely related to the use of the cloud. The need has become more urgent to access resources, applications, massive storage capabilities and data processing from anywhere, flexibly and securely. To send data securely from one place to another, the data has to send in an encrypted form. In this paper, we provide a sufficient theoretical background of cloud computing and analyze the performance of the encryption algorithms (ECC and RSA) of cloud computing. Our simulation result shows that ECC performs better than RSA in total time. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.